What Happens when a Bill is Amended in the Opposite Chamber?

​What Happens when a Bill is Amended in the Opposite Chamber?

A Simple Guide to the Washington State Legislative Process

In Washington State, legislative proposals may originate in either the House of Representatives or Senate. However, for a proposal to be enacted into law, it must receive approval from both the legislative chambers. This process can become complex, particularly when one chamber amends a proposal already passed by the other chamber.

The following outlines the process that occurs when a bill is amended in the second chamber, the subsequent response of the original chamber, and the procedures undertaken to reconcile these differences.

Step 1: Passage of a Bill in One Legislative Chamber 

Consider a scenario where a bill is introduced in the House of Representatives. It undergoes a series of committee hearings and debates culminating in a vote on the floor of the house. Upon successful passage, the bill is forwarded to the senate for further consideration.

Step 2: Modifications by the Second Chamber 

Upon reaching the Senate, the bill undergoes a comparable procedure: it is assigned to a committee for discussion and a potential amendment. Subsequently, it is presented to the full senate for a vote. 

If the Senate approves the bill without alterations, it proceeds directly to the governor for ratification. 

Conversely, if the Senate incorporates amendments, the bill must be returned to the House of Representatives, the chamber of its origin, for further consideration.

Step 3: Review of Amendments by the Original Chamber

Following the modification of the bill, the original chamber, in this instance, the House, must determine whether to accept the amendments proposed by the Senate. The House is presented with two options:

• Concur (agree): Should the House concur with all the amendments introduced by the Senate, a vote to "concur" is cast. This concurrence signifies the acceptance of the revised bill, which is then deemed finalized and forwarded to the governor for signing.

• Do not concur (disagree): Conversely, if the House does not concur with the Senate's amendments, a vote to "not concur" is cast. In such a scenario, the bill cannot progress until both chambers reach agreement on the final version.

Step 4: Establishment of a Conference Committee

In instances where the originating chamber rejects amendments, a conference committee is typically required. This committee is a select group comprising members from both the House and the Senate tasked with reconciling the discrepancies between the two versions of the bill.

The conference committee convenes privately to negotiate and reach a compromise. Upon reaching an agreement, they draft a conference report that encapsulates the final version of the bill.

Step 5: Final Approval of the Compromise Bill

Subsequently, the conference report is submitted to both the House and the Senate for a conclusive vote. At this juncture, no further modifications are permissible. Both chambers are required to approve the report in its entirety, as presented. 
If both the House and Senate endorse the conference report, the bill is forwarded to the governor, who may either enact it into law or exercise a veto. Conversely, if either chamber rejects the report, the bill is rendered unsuccessful and does not become a law.

Significance of the Process

This procedural framework ensures that both legislative chambers play an equitable role in determining the final version of the law. It also facilitates a thorough examination of any amendments and fosters collaboration among lawmakers to achieve consensus.

 Although the process may be protracted, it is structured to promote compromise and comprehensive scrutiny before the enactment of a bill into law.

For those interested in tracking the progression of bills through the Washington State Legislature, the official website can be accessed at: https://leg.wa.gov/learn-and-participate/
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